Saturday, May 23, 2020
World War 1 Soldier Paper - 1181 Words
World War I Soldier Paper HIS/120 U.S. HISTORY 1865 TO 1945 * * Analysis of the role played by American troops in the Second Battle of the Marne and subsequent engagements with the Germans * Although US troops assumed mainly a support role in this action, the battle came to be known as the beginning of the end for Germany. 85,000 US troops participated, with 12,000 casualties, gaining the praise of not only their own officers, but the French and British commanders as well. During this time a single regiment of the 3rd Division rewrote one of the most luminous pages in our military history, it prevented the crossing at certain points on its front, while on either flank the Germans who had gained a footing pressedâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦This would accept either 20- or 30-round stick magazines. Early war (M1928) Thompsons also accepted 50, 100, or 200 round drum magazines. Each squad was also to have a BAR (Browning automatic rifle). This weapon was big but was a fully automatic weapon that could lay down suppressive fire. It had some serious stopping power. In addition to this, there was the flame thrower, which saw more action in the Pacific theater. Hand grenades were another weapon issued to combat troops. Also when assaulting bunkers or other fixed emplacements, they would satchel charges .30 and .50 caliber MG teams (2-3 men: 1 firer, 1-2 loaders/carriers) might be attached to rifle platoons as needed, along with the mortar teams. As for other items, some servicemen would use enemy weapons, but most collected these (and just about anything else that was not riveted down) as trophies. * * Discussion of the soldierââ¬â¢s experience, including but not limited to fighting in the trenches, the smell, boredom, lice, rats, food, common injuries, and battlefield engagement Many former soldiers of World War 1 pronounce the experience as hell on earth. The atmosphere was a constant smell of burning flesh, dead animals, and booming artillery. Animal and human waste mixed with acrid smell of the high explosive artillery shells. Many soldiers descried the smoke as getting closer to the smoke of death. The trenches were so uncomfortable and usually partially flooded with mud and water. TheShow MoreRelatedWHY THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA SHOULD HAVE ATTACKED HITLER EARLIER1522 Words à |à 7 Pagestheir decision to go to war against Hitlerââ¬â¢s Nazi Germany then the war may have concluded earlier and potentially saved millions of lives. Hitler and the Naziââ¬â¢s were in power for eight years before the United States decided to join the allies and fight against Hitlerââ¬â¢s regime. Approximately six million Jews were slaughtered in addition to millions of others during World War II. The United States delay in attacking Hitler caused a negative effe ct throughout the entire world. The facts present the question:Read MorePoetry Of Witness By Wilfred Owen1352 Words à |à 6 Pages Carolyn Forchà © introduced the term ââ¬ËPoetry of Witnessââ¬â¢ in ââ¬ËTwentieth Century Poetry of Witnessââ¬â¢. She describes the writers of witness as ââ¬Å"poets from all over the world who endured conditions of social and historical extremity during the twentieth centuryââ¬âthose who suffered wars, imprisonment, military occupation, house arrest, forced exile, and political repressionâ⬠. In their writings, the poets show not only that they were present at certain events of intensity, but it also allows them to displayRead MoreGovernor Livingston High School : Sergeant Curtis Maddox : An Average American Soldier1731 Words à |à 7 PagesGovernor Livingston High School Sergeant Curtis Maddox: An Average American Soldier in the Army Fighting in Europe Katie Zimmermann Advanced Placement United States History Mr. Bolger 3 January 2017 Europe had been fighting in World War II for two years by 1941. The two major powers in the war were the Axis Powers and the Allied Powers. Germany, Italy, and Japan were the key players in the Axis Powers. The Allied Powers chief countries were Great Britain, France, and the SovietRead MoreCritical Analysis of Wilfred Owens poem Arms and the Boy1660 Words à |à 7 PagesIntroduction: 1. Introducing what is going to be discussed in the paper (analysis of Arms and the Boy , its relation to one of Owens poem). 2. Thesis Statement : Wilfred Owens poem Arms and the Boy can be discussed to represent the horror of war. II. Body: 1. Owen was a soldier and a modern poet who was known as anti-war poet. A. A summary of Owens poetry in general . B. His representation of the horror of war in his poems. 2. Arms and the Boy is about an inexperienced young soldier who went to war. 3Read MoreAn Ongoing Legacy : Baron Von Steuben1110 Words à |à 5 Pageslater known as ââ¬Å"The shot heard round the world.â⬠No one knows who fired the shot but it began the Revolutionary War. One man contributed more to the American Revolution than anyone else. Without Friedrich Von Steuben as an important mentor at Valley Forge, the war would have had a completely different outcome. Throughout the American Revolution, Baron Von Steuben had the greatest impact on Americaââ¬â¢s achieving victory. Steubenââ¬â¢s training with the American soldiers, sanitation system, and the Blue BookRead MoreThe Battle Of The War I1244 Words à |à 5 PagesRushabh Shah History 162B Paper 1 While recruiting men to fight in World War I, the British Army appealed to ideals of masculinity, bravery, patriotism and nationalism. This form of propaganda was intended to shape the publicââ¬â¢s views, and shape their decisions to revolve around political, gender, and social identity. Thousands of young British men like Siegfried Sassoon went into World War I with this idealism. The bloodshed found there came as a tremendous shock, as the war was unlike the image portrayed;Read MoreEdith Cavell: A Brief Biography1021 Words à |à 4 Pagessomething for people. They are, most of them, so helpless, so hurt and so unhappyâ⬠(qtd in,l 1). Edith Cavell certainly kept her word, because by the end of World War One, she had saved hundreds of lives and had achieved many other accomplishments, changing the course of the war. Much of her childhood and early adulthood had a major impact on the choices that she made later on in her life, changing her world forever. Having a minister as a father, Cavell was taught at a young age the importance ofRead MoreThe Importance of Flag Detail in the Military Essay911 Words à |à 4 PagesAmerican flag is a symbol of freedom, liberty, and justice among a number of other values. As Americans, we value the flag for its representation during the revolutionary war and the everlasting significance of today. As soldiers, we pledge to honor, serve, and protect the flag and the United States of America at all cost. In this paper, the relationship between the American flag and the United States Army will be explored through the histories of both. Furthermore, the importance of flag detail willRead MoreOwens Dulce Et Decorum Est : Portrayal Of War Analysis967 Words à |à 4 Pagesââ¬Å"Dulce et Decorum Estâ⬠: Portrayal of War General William Tecumseh Sherman stated that, ââ¬Å"War is crueltyâ⬠(Sherman). Yet past and present media propaganda use recruitment advertisements to portray military service as a noble and glorious profession. A majority of military propaganda that I have seen, heard, or read, is depicted in a positive manner. War propaganda focuses on the concrete aspects of benefits, skill development, and travel. Pictures of soldiers smiling and appearing content with theirRead MoreGenerals Die in Bed1333 Words à |à 6 PagesThrough the soldiersââ¬â¢ experiences, the narrator shows only the dark side of human nature. Discuss. Generals die in Bed by Charles Yale Harrison is a novel where a young Canadian soldier tells of his first hand account of the harsh and inhumane conditions in the trenches on the Western Front during World War 1. Through his observations and experiences the Narrator shows the effects of war on ordinary people and how they manage in extraordinarily horrific situations. Even though the brutal nature
Tuesday, May 12, 2020
Quotes for a Wedding Toast by the Father of the Bride
For many fathers of the bride, a daughterââ¬â¢s wedding day is a bittersweet occasion. Happiness mingles with sadness at the reality that the little girl who once relied so heavily on her fatherà is now going out into the world as her own woman and as someoneââ¬â¢s wife. A toast on this day marks both an ending and a beginning. Fathers of the brideà can share their love, their pride, and express their best wishes for their daughterââ¬â¢s life going forward. They may even want to impart some wisdom about what it means to be a loving husband and father and what it takes to make a marriage a success. Whether the goal is to be lighthearted and humorous, sentimental and serious, or a little of both, including a few of the following sentiments, will make the father of the bride toast just that more special. Father of the Bride Quotes John Gregory Brown: Thereââ¬â¢s something like a line of gold thread running through a manââ¬â¢s words when he talks to his daughter, and gradually over the years it gets to be long enough for you to pick up in your hands and weave into a cloth that feels like love itself.à Enid Bagnold: A father is always making his baby into a little woman. And when she is a woman he turns her back again.à Guy Lombardo: Many a man wishes he were strong enough to tear a telephone book in half, especially if he has a teenage daughter.Euripides: To a father growing old nothing is dearer than a daughter.Barbara Kingsolver: It kills you to see them grow up. But I guess it would kill you quicker if they didnt.à Phyllis McGinley: These are my daughters, I suppose. But where in the world did the children vanish?à Goethe: There are two lasting bequests we can give our children. One is roots. The other is wings.Mitch Albom: Parents rarely let go of their children, so children let go of themâ⠬ ¦It is not until much laterâ⬠¦that children understand; their stories, and all their accomplishments, sit atop the stories of their mothers and fathers, stones upon stones, beneath the waters of their lives.à H. Norman Wright: In marriage, each partner is to be an encourager rather than a critic, a forgiver rather than a collector of hurts, an enabler rather than a reformer.à Tom Mullen: Happy marriages begin when we marry the ones we love, and they blossom when we love the ones we marry.Leo Tolstoy: What counts in making a happy marriage is not so much how compatible you are, but how you deal with incompatibility.à Ogden Nash: To keep your marriage brimming with loveâ⬠¦whenever youââ¬â¢re wrong; admit it. Whenever youââ¬â¢re right, shut up.à Friedrich Nietzsche: When marrying, ask yourself this question: Do you believe that you will be able to converse well with this person into your old age? Everything else in marriage is transitory.
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Minority Research Paper Free Essays
Description of the Market Market specifics need to be carefully analyzed and marketers should become familiar with the data for each. In order to market a brand or specific goods/services, marketers should be sensitive to each group and shouldnââ¬â¢t be afraid to tap into each market. Below is information on the three largest minority groups in the United States and what each one prefers. We will write a custom essay sample on Minority Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now African Americans â⬠¢The total numbers in the US is 42 million (ââ¬Å"United States Census Bureauâ⬠). â⬠¢African Americans make up 13. 6% of the total US population (ââ¬Å"United States Census Bureauâ⬠). â⬠¢The rate of growth for this minority group from 2000 to 2010 was 15. % (ââ¬Å"United States Census Bureauâ⬠). â⬠¢The average household size is 2. 7 (ââ¬Å"United States Census Bureauâ⬠). â⬠¢The average age for African Americans is 32. 1 (ââ¬Å"United States Census Bureauâ⬠). â⬠¢The percentage of African Americans 25 and older that hold a bachelors degree or higher is 18% (ââ¬Å"United States Census Bureauâ⬠). â⬠¢The median income per year was $32,068 (ââ¬Å"United States Census Bureauâ⬠). â⬠¢More than half of the African-American population (55%) live in the Southern states. Texas, Florida, and Georgia have a population of about 3 million, while New York still has the highest with 3. 4 million (ââ¬Å"Black Demographicsâ⬠). Metro areas with the largest African American population with 1 million or more are: â⬠¢New York, NY â⬠¢Atlanta, GA â⬠¢Chicago, IL â⬠¢Washington, MD-VA â⬠¢Philadelphia, PA â⬠¢Los Angeles ââ¬â Long Beach, CA â⬠¢Miami ââ¬â Fort Lauderdale, FL â⬠¢Houston, TX â⬠¢The brands that have a higher than average purchase rate among African Americans are Procter Gamble, Lââ¬â¢Oreal, Yoplait, General Motors, Oreos, Slim Fast, Tide, Campbellââ¬â¢s, Ragu, Lexus, Pampers, Jell-O, and Leviââ¬â¢s (Sampey). â⬠¢Specific products that have above average usage for this group are basic food ingredients, beverages, personal care items, and beauty care. The best media to use in order to target this group is television because African Americans watch more TV than any other minority group. The next best would be the Internet and the radio. Asian Americans â⬠¢The total numbers in the US is 17. 3 million (ââ¬Å"United States Census Bureauâ⬠). â⠬ ¢Asian Americans make up 5. 6 percent of the total US population (ââ¬Å"United States Census Bureauâ⬠). â⬠¢The rate of growth for this minority group from 2000 to 2010 was 46% (ââ¬Å"United States Census Bureauâ⬠). â⬠¢The average household size is 3. 53 (ââ¬Å"United States Census Bureauâ⬠). â⬠¢The average age for Asian Americans is 34 (ââ¬Å"United States Census Bureauâ⬠). The percentage of Asian Americans 25 and older that hold a bachelors degree or higher is 50% (ââ¬Å"United States Census Bureauâ⬠). That is higher than any group in the United States. â⬠¢The median income per year was $67,022 (ââ¬Å"United States Census Bureauâ⬠). â⬠¢About three-quarters of the Asian American population live in metropolitan areas such as the San Francisco Bay Area, New York metropolitan area, and the Greater Los Angeles Area (Beckwith). They make up for 1-2 million people in each place. They are mainly concentrated in five states, which a re: â⬠¢California â⬠¢New York â⬠¢Texas Illinois â⬠¢Hawaii â⬠¢A few brands that have a higher than average purchase rate among Asian Americans are Toyota, Honda, Coca-Cola, IBM, Head Shoulders, and Tylenol (Lindorff). Wealthy Asian Americans tend to buy luxury brands, such as Chanel, Rolex, Loius Vuitton, Armani, and Nordstrom (Lesonsky). â⬠¢Specific products that have above average usage for this group are furniture, footwear, clothing, food, and vehicles. â⬠¢ The best media to use in order to target this group is the Internet and newspapers, as well as direct mail printed in their language. Hispanic Americans The total numbers in the US is 52 million (ââ¬Å"United States Census Bureauâ⬠). â⬠¢Hispanic Americans make up 16. 7 percent of the total US population (ââ¬Å"United States Census Bureauâ⬠). â⬠¢The rate of growth for this minority group from 2000 to 2010 was 43% (ââ¬Å"United States Census Bureauâ⬠). â⬠¢The average hou sehold size is 4 (ââ¬Å"United States Census Bureauâ⬠). This is most likely due to a high fertility rate among this group. â⬠¢The median age for Hispanic Americans is 27 (ââ¬Å"United States Census Bureauâ⬠).. â⬠¢The percentage of Hispanic Americans 25 and older that hold a bachelors degree or higher is 13% (ââ¬Å"United States Census Bureauâ⬠). That is the lowest amongst the three groups. â⬠¢The median income per year was $37,759 (ââ¬Å"United States Census Bureauâ⬠). â⬠¢Hispanic Americans are concentrated in the South and the West geographically. About 50% of the population lives in California, Texas, and Florida. California has the highest than any other state, which is 14 million (ââ¬Å"infopleaseâ⬠). â⬠¢Examples of brands that have a higher than average purchase rate among Hispanic Americans are Corona, Sunsilk, OPI, Ouidad, and Goya (Genuario). â⬠¢Specific products that have above average usage for this group are small appliances, footwear, furniture, and food. The best media to use in order to target this group is through Spanish television networks and printed media. BUSINESS POTENTIAL African American: The African-American community is a very important market because of their great spending trends and buying power. Their buying power is estimated to reach $1. 1 trillion in a few years (â â¬Å"Multi-ethnic Demographicsâ⬠). This ethnic group consists of 43 million individuals and marketers should be worried if they havenââ¬â¢t tapped into this ever-growing market (ââ¬Å"United States Census Bureauâ⬠). African-Americans are one of the most brand loyal customers and make trips to the store more than any other group. If a national marketer were to get the attention of this ethnic group, the brand they would be promoting would grow, since African Americans stick to their brands. A new middle class has emerged for this group, thanks to more educational opportunities that result in higher incomes. This growing middle class is very fashion, brand, and price conscious and goes shopping for pleasure and social fun. This alone should encourage more marketers to pursue this minority group and give ideas on how to market specifically to this group. Asian American: The Asian American population is growing faster than the total population due to immigration. Itââ¬â¢s growing even faster than the Hispanic group and is the fastest growing ethnic group in the US (ââ¬Å"Multi-Ethnic Demographicsâ⬠). The overall business potential for this minority group is very high because Asian Americans are more likely to be rich than any other minority consumer. That is because they are better educated, even more so than the average American. They are in a lot of top-level jobs and have high specialties. Their buying power is very high and continues to grow. Currently, they spend more than $500 billion annually and their buying power is projected to reach up to $697 billion by the year 2014 (Lasonsky). Much of the valuable market segment is still underestimated and overlooked. Thatââ¬â¢s why it is important to dig in to this market and develop a great marketing strategy. This group spends more on education, housing, and food than the average US household. As a marketer, there is a good start already by knowing what the consumer wants. A lot of brands have an attitude that asks why they should target this market if theyââ¬â¢re already buying the product. Well, itââ¬â¢s important because there is a huge opportunity to build long-lasting relationships and customer loyalty. Asian Americans are consumers that like to educate themselves about prices and products before they dive in and buy something. So, if you would like to catch this marketââ¬â¢s attention, make sure you emphasize great deals and focus on product quality. Hispanic American: The Hispanic American market is a very important part of the US economy. This group is growing quite rapidly and marketers should be aware of all of the data. By 2015, the buying power for Hispanics is expected to reach $1. trillion (ââ¬Å"Multi-ethnic Demographicsâ⬠). In the last few years, the increase in income and population has given marketers new opportunities. This allows them to come up with a whole new marketing plan to serve the Hispanic Americanââ¬â¢s needs. This market should be approached as a long-term investment. Since the median age for Hispanic Americans is 27, we can see that this ethnic group is younger than the others (ââ¬Å"United States Census Bureauâ⬠). This gives marketers a chance to succeed in using geographic, demographic, and psychographic segmentation. By using this information, marketers can position themselves favorably and gain market share. Since many Hispanic Americans speak both English and Spanish, this gives marketers a chance to develop marketing synergies. Marketers should also make sure their general market message reflects the Hispanic culture because if a consumer feels that the brand does not care about them, their message would be ineffective. In order to reach Hispanic Americans through marketing, make sure you know their backgrounds, give them a feeling of ââ¬Ëhome,ââ¬â¢ and most importantly build relationships. Bibliography ââ¬Å"Asian/Pacific American Heritage Month: May 2012. â⬠United States Census Bureau. United States Census Bureau, 05 Sept 2012. Web. 7 Sep 2012. . Beckwith , Ryan. ââ¬Å"Asian-Americans Donââ¬â¢t Live in Swing States. â⬠Congress. org. Congress. org, 03 May 2012. Web. 7 Sep 2012. . ââ¬Å"Black (African-American) History Month: February 2012. â⬠United States Census Bureau. United States Census Bureau, 05 Sept 2012. Web. 7 Sep 2012. . Black Demographics. com. Black Demographiics, 2010. Web. 7 Sep 2012. . Genuario, Leah. ââ¬Å"The U. S. Hispanic Beauty Market. â⬠. Picard Holdings LLC, 2011. Web. 9 Sep 2012. . ââ¬Å"Hispanic Americans By the Numbers. â⬠infoplease. Pearson Education, 2012. Web. 8 Sep 2012. . ââ¬Å"Hispanic Heritage Month 2012: Sept. 15 ââ¬â Oct. 15. â⬠United States Census Bureau. United States Census Bureau, 05 Sept 2012. Web. 6 Sep 2012. . Lesonsky, Rieva. ââ¬Å"Small Business: Tap Into the Affluent Asian American Market. â⬠Small Business Trends. Small Business Trends LLC, 13 June 2012. Web. 8 Sep 2012. Lindorff, David. ââ¬Å"Marketers slowly begin to tap into U. S. ââ¬Ës rich Asian consumers. â⬠. Media Life, n. d. Web. 8 Sep 2012. Sampey, Kathleen. ââ¬Å"African-Americans Show More ââ¬ËLoveââ¬â¢ to Brands Than Caucasians. â⬠Yahoo Finance. Yahoo. com, 15 Aug 2012. Web. 7 Sep 2012. . Bibliography (contââ¬â¢d) ââ¬Å"Study: African Americans love them some brands. â⬠Electronic Urban Report. EurPublisher, 07 Aug 2012. Web. 6 Sep 2012. . Westlund, Richard. ââ¬Å"Marketing to Hispanics 2010. â⬠Finding the Gold in Hispanic Marketing. Adweek, 27 April 2011. Web. 9 Sep 2012. . ââ¬Å"2010 Census Shows Americaââ¬â¢s Diversity. â⬠Multi-ethnic Demographics. National Association for Multi-Ethnicity in Communications, 2012. Web. 9 Sep 2012. How to cite Minority Research Paper, Essays
Sunday, May 3, 2020
Control Environment of a Company Free-Samples Myassignmenthelp.com
Questions: 1.Identify and briefly discuss five factors at SCU you would need to consider in your assessment of the Effectiveness of SCUs control Environment? 2.Identify five Effective Internal Controls in the System and determine for each internal control, the risk that the Control would/could Mitigate. 3.Identify and briefly discuss ten Weaknesses in Internal Control for sales and trade receivables that you would bring to SCU Managements notice in your Management letter. Answers: 1.ISA 315, sets out the examiners accountability to identify and measure the risks of substantial statements which are mistated in the financial declarations, through considerate the entity and its atmosphere including the entitys inner controL. The control atmosphere includes the meanings, arrogances, consciousness and movements of those accountable for supremacy and organization regarding the entitys internal control and its position in the unit. The five factors at SCU that would be considered in the valuation of the efficiency of SCU control enviironment are:- Organisational Structure Proper organisation structure is necessary The organisation structure is the tool by which the entity doings for attaining its objectives are prearranged, executed, skilful and reviewed. Any entity that is appropriate can be seen by the companys size of opeerations. For example any company which has offices all over the world has different priorities than a company which is just sictuated in one country and having limited number of operations. Usually, an auditor may rationally imagine there to be a optimistic association amongst the level of intrinsic risk and the size and difficulty of a businesss processes. ISA 315,Classifying and Measuring the Risks of Statements that is mistated through Considering the Entity and Its Environment,sets out the examiners accountability to identify and measure the risks of substantial misstatement in the financial declarations, through considerate the entity and its atmosphere including the entitys internal controLThe cash team should be responsible to be answerable to the management team, Also there should be proper guarantee that adequate reportage associations and approval hierarchies are in place The assignment of responsibility is very much requiredThe authority , the persons delegating opertations, the end person maintaining the company should be in form to meet the desired objectives of the company. In SCU the organisation should be skillfull and proper risks should be identified at periods. Assignmnent Of Authority And Accountability The Large the company is , more operations are being conducted.There is larger degree of amount of task of authority and accountability that is essential. In SUC the team should be interconnected. The cash team should be responsible to be answerable to the management team, They also need to guarantee that adequate journalism associations and authorisation hierarchies are in place The assignment of responsibility is very much required . For example here if any clerk is apoointed so the payroll apartment is required toenter the clerk name in the payroll master file. In this company if supposedly not having enough authority over the activities it wil lead to misleading financial statements, misleading information. In this if the staff recives any sales return it needs to be checked byt the appropriate team and the information needs to be delivered to the Accounts recievabble team so that they can issue a credit note in respect of the same.In SCU when the staff is checking any pilferage area , the trade recievable clerk is doing his job and the financial conrtroller is doing his. There should be assignment of authority and responsibilty. Inclusion Of Those Charged With Governance The directors are generally charged with governance and are responsible for conducting the affairs of the company. He is accountable to the administration , shareholders and other authorities. Given the inspiration that the actions of managements have on a businesss inner control, the extent of their norml day to day operayion active participation in the companys processes has a inescapable effect on the internal control of the business. The degree of each managers contribution is largely prejudiced by the nature of their specialized correction and their individual viewpoint about how they should transmit out their individual roles. Though, they may insist on nursing action by way of receiving of formal description reports In SCU the directors are not playing any major role which should be the case. The directors should take in charge of some of the important matters. Policies And Practices Of Human Resources Proper recruitment of human resources are necessary to create good the control in the entity, It needs to make sure that only the deserving indiviuals need to be in the company . For the new entrants there should be proper induction that should be conducted so that they carry their duties more poperly and effectively. Proper trainings and proper coach should be allocated to them s that they can tell all their problems to them. Proper recruitment of human resources are necessary to create good the control in the entity, It needs to make sure that only the deserving indiviuals need to be in the company Proper appraisal should be there so that the employees are motivated to work better and more performanace track and feedbacks should be implemented so that the employees need to know where they are lacking and make proper efforts to develop. Employment conclusion procedures should integrate provision for an exit conference so that the aim for the end can be established or explained, all payments due to the employee can be established and measures can be made for the return of all corporation assets prior to the finish date (Accounting tools, 2017) Communication Of Ethical Values Proper ethical values should be communicated to the employees . It is obvious that such standards do happen and are transferred effectively to workers and personnel and enforced, this will have the effect of increasing self-assurance and self-confidence in the enterprise, management and nursing of controls. When requested to clarify what is meant by the period control environment, they characteristically comment that it is a constituent of a businesss internal control and that it focuses about how a corporation is functioned by its organisation, dazzling such substances as their attitude and functioning elegance. Given the inspiration that the actions of managements have on a businesss internal control, the extent of their normal business active participation in the companys processes has an inescapable effect on the internal control of the business (Control Environment, 2017) 2.An internal control is the practice by the business which is incorporated within an organization to create some amount of value and to minimize risk Proper internal control are very important to detect fraud and error in the organization. There are many meanings of internal control, as it touches the various electorates (stakeholders) of an organization in numerous ways and at dissimilar levels of combination. All invoices must be official for expense by the economical holder, although the actual checking of particulars may be surrogate. The approving subdivision is accountable for checking statements for accurateness in relations of statistics and conventionality with the order sited, that the amenities or goods have been established, and subsequent up any problems. General speaking there are two types of internal control, firstly there is Preventive Control They are organised to prevent any error in the company. It helps to meet the objectives in time. Precautionary control actions aim to detect the example of mistakes or fraud. Preventive activities include thorough certification and agreement practices. Preventive control actions stop unwanted "activities" from trendy, thus need well thought out procedures and danger documentation. Detective Controls They are implemented after any error or any mishappening have occurred in the organisation. Unless the organisation is happy to let the whole thing become completely incompetent, the secretarial system will need to start various rules and guidelines which will start an in-house control system, for example: n the founding of money bounds for certain businesses and the meaning of levels of accountability for approving communications n the need for referral of conclusion making to another individual when required. Defining whether a specific internal control scheme is real is a decision resulting from an valuation of whether the five mechanisms - Control Atmosphere, Threat Assessment, Control Doings, Evidence and Announcement, and Monitoring - are current and operative. Effective controls provide sensible pledge regarding the achievement of established purposes. Control atmosphere are the definite policies that ensures that the management are doing their job in a correct manner. They include a range of activities as varied as endorsements, approvals, corroborations, understandings, appraisals of working performance, safety of possessions and separation of obligations and responsibilities. Information and communication means that the necessary information should be identifies and seen so that the responsible individuals can carry their responsibilities. Every staff should have a message communicated from the top management regarding how to work and manage their work. hey must understand their own role in the interior control system, as well as how discrete doings relate to the work of others. They must have a means of collaborating noteworthy evidence upstream. Monitoring is a procedure that assesses the quality of the system's performance over time. It comprises steady organization and superintendent happenings, and other schedules employee s take in execution their obligations that evaluate the superiority of internal control scheme presentation. Risk valuation is actually a process of identifying an type of risk and seeing all the procedures and finding ways to mitigate it. Risks can relate to internal and external factors. After dangers have been recognized , it should definitely be evaluated. The five different type of internal controls that can be implemented can be:- Reconciliation Reconciliation is done so that the accounting balances can be match with the cash or bank balances or in case of fixed assists, the amount shown in the books can be matched with the receipts. Reconciliation in general mean that the amount should be matched with respective ledgers. Alterations or variances amongst these types of harmonizing accounts can expose errors or inconsistencies in the own accounts, or the mistakes may initiate with the other individuals. The risk that is available in it is that without any reconicaltion there can be robbery ,that is the cash balances wont match with respective accounts. The discrepancies cant be seen and we cant detect any amount of fault that is being made . At each month end, the trade receivables clerk prepares a reconciliation of the trade receivables ledger to the debtors control account in the general ledger (Audit risk, 2017) Documentation Documentation is a very important internal control. Normalizing documents used for monetary dealings, such as statements, inner supplies requests, record receipts and travel expenditure reports, can help to uphold constancy in keeping over time.Proper documentation will lead no misinterpretation. The risk of not proper documenting is that the records cant be maintained which will lead to any defaults and discrepancy. For example any sales return can be seen by the sales entry that is being made, without proper documentation a corporation cant suffice in long run. Launch secretarial routines to safeguard that no false dealings are administered and that all lawful dealings are logged for the precise quantity and books. In SCU a sales journal summarising all sales invoices is prepared monthly by the computer system. Separation of duties Duties should be segregated between individuals. Duties are separated among unlike people todecrease the risk of error or unsuitable action. Normally, tasks for authorizing dealings (approval), recording communications (accounting) and management the related asset are divided. It is very important to have segregation of duties as any person doing everything will actually lead to more risk as any error as he wont be able to identify any of his mistakes. Risks can be mitigated as the authorities will be handled by different persons which will reduce the risk of any default. Like the financial controller is soing his job, the trade recievale clerk is doing his jon, there is speration of reposibilitie at SCU Security of assests Security of assests are necessary like access to kit, stock , safeties, cash and other assets is limited; assets are periodically totalled and likened to quantities shown on control records. Proper records are maintained so that any discrepancies can be noted. For example ensuring that the cheque books are locked up and are controlled by someone who doesnt issue the checks, it needs to make sure that the passwords should not be known to anybody except the concerned person. And also depositing the receipts such as money orders, cash, in to the bank accounts each and every day. Authorization and approval Organization approves employees to achieve certain activities and to perform certain dealings within limited limits. In addition, organization stipulates those doings or dealings that need managerial support before they are achieved or implemented by teams. A managers support (manual or automated) suggests that he or she has confirmed and authenticated that the action or business imitates to recognized rules and events. Endorsement specialist is to be proportionate with the nature and implication of the communications and in agreement with University procedure (Markgraf, 2017). . Once completed, this document is passed on to the trade receivables clerk who raises a credit note and sends it to the customer in SCU 3.Every fraud that has been evolved till date is because of the low detection or no detection at all, no body monitors the work of thaw employees who make daily deposits in the bank. Therefore, this is the number one cause of revenue fraud wherever in books receivable. The key issue is the Control of the environment. Proper audit trail should be done so that the mistakes can be identified very sooner. Any fraud in the company can be identified with any documents that is missing or destroyed. So the invoices , duplicate invoices need s to checked very properly to avoid this (Dervaes, 2017) The flaws in internal control for trade receivables are:- The receivable transactions always go through journal that is the sales journal in the software and then it generates its own accounting entries. So sometimes the staffs have some manual entries which actually creates differences Some entities only collect funds from the balances of the current accounts. As just renowned, someone could interrupt incoming expenditures from clients and hide the theft with a credit memo. We should have password-protect admission to the billing software to stop the illicit group of credit memos. If an statement for a large-dollar quantity contains an mistake, the client may hold up sum until you send a reread invoice. Normally seeing the large invoices should be made to mitigate any risk associated with it Proper monetary of debtor balances are reviewed or not. Sometimes debtors credit period gets over and proper notice are not send to them regarding the payment with interest which leads to bad debts. Therefore proper monitoring is not made in respect of the balances. Duplicate invoices are not made which can be a greater weakness in the system Sometimes proper signature of the parties with authorization are not there which can create fictitious entries. If there are uncommon imbursement terms, authenticate them before generating an invoice. Then, accounts receivable will contain accounts that clienteles refuse to pay. This can be a great weakness as most of the customers refuse to pay Major weakness can be most of the cases debtors can give money in cash and then invoices are made of less amount. Proper invoicing is not done with the product amount As just noted, no one should be able to lever incoming purchaser payments and create credit memos, or else they will be able to take the currency and shelter their tracks with credit memos. Therefore, allocate these responsibilities to dissimilar persons. The secretarial staff may erroneously apply cash earnings to open statements, maybe not even smearing them to the books of the correct clients. Have the interior audit run occasionally trace an assortment of money receipts to client invoices to verify good cash application (Lohrey, 2017). Sometimes the employed approval of the credit department on all deals orders over a certain dollar amount which can be a weakness. The flaws in internal control for Sales are:- We need to see whether the materials that are delivered are being properly packed or not because this if not this will lead to defective sales. Major weakness can be recording of sales. Sales can be recorded as net of discounts, or cash discounts which is not allowed. Sometimes excessive invoice amount is there in sales and the extra money can be taken in cash which is actually a major weakness We see that the shipping documentation is not matched with the sales invoice which can proves as a defect in the internal control. Authorisation of the terms of credit is not properly verified. Segregation of duties should be there that is the receipt caretaker should not collect cash . Sales statements are not reconciled to the daily sales report. All shipping certification is not advanced to the billing section on a daily bases. An open-order files is not preserved and studied frequently in SCU Sometimes we see that one person is only responsible for taking all the orders from the customers recording all the entries and ensuring all the payments are properly made. This should not happen (Anggana, 2017) All sales and alterations are not correctly journalised abridged and dispatched to the correct accounts, transactions dont pertain to that particular period and also the there are some period adjustments References Control environment (2017).Control environment of a Company. [online] Available at: https://www.accaglobal.com/ie/en/student/exam-support-resources/fundamentals-exams-study-resources/f8/technical-articles/the-control-environment-of-a-company.html [Accessed 9th April. 2017].[1] Internal control(2017).Internal Controls. [online] Available at: https://f2.washington.edu/fm/fr/internal-controls [Accessed 9th April. 2017].[2] Ingram ,D(2017).Internal Controls. 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[online] Available at: https://www.fraudconference.com/uploadedfiles/fraud_conference/content/course-materials/presentations/23rd/ppt/12d-joe-dervaes.pdf [Accessed 9th April. 2017].[10] US Government office(2017).Weakness in Internal control. [online] Available at: https://www.gao.gov/products/AFMD-81-106 [Accessed 9th April. 2017].[11] Lohrey , J(2017).Control in Sales. [online] Available at: https://yourbusiness.azcentral.com/control-deficiencies-sales-cash-receipts-29200.html [Accessed 9th April. 2017].[12] Markgraf, B(2017).Control in COmpany. [online] Available at: https://yourbusiness.azcentral.com/assess-strengths-weaknesses-internal-company-controls-26816.html [Accessed 9th April. 2017].[13] Dervaes, J(2017).Fraud in internal control. [online] Available at: https://www.fraudconference.com/uploadedfiles/fraud_conference/content/course-materials/presentations/23rd/ppt/12d-joe-dervaes.pdf [Accessed 9th April. 2017].[14] Anggana , D(2017).Control in sales [online] Available at: https://www.academia.edu/8836030/The_Analysis_of_Control_Activities_of_Credit_Sales_and_Cash_Receipts_Activities_at_CV_Sahabat_Jaya_Motor [Accessed 9th April. 2017].[15]
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